King John III Sobieski is arguably the most famous king in Polish history. His reputation was made at the Battle of Vienna, where he and his hussars swept down and saved the city. His victory at Vienna was the apex of a long career. As a nobleman, military leader, and king, his life was dominated by the many conflicts that assailed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. And there were plenty of conflicts, with John III fighting Cossack rebellions, Crimean Tatars, the Ottoman Empire, the Kingdom of Sweden, and the Russian Czar, along with rebels throughout the Commonwealth. He was a seasoned commander long before his fateful charge at Vienna.